Shalat merupakan rukun islam yang sangat penting setelah syahadat. Amal yang pertama kali akan dihisab adalah shalatnya seseorang. Tidak diterima shalat seseorang kalo shalatnya asal. Klo shalatnya udah tidak diterima, maka apalagi yang diharapkan dari amal lainnya. Nah kita sebagai manusia yang bisa salah, maka sebaiknya adalah belajar dan mencari ilmu supaya tidak salah. Orang yang tidak tahu disebut orang fasik. Jika kita hanya berharap menjadi orang fasik aja, Rasulullah saw tidak suka dengan orang seperti ini.
Berikut adalah tata cara shalat menurut kitab shahih Al Bukhari, jadi dalil yg gw tulis (maksudnya gw salin) disini insya Allah ga sembarangan. Semoga kita menjadi orang yang beramal dan beribadah sesuai sunnahnya (terutama untuk gw sendiri).
Untuk selanjutnya, sanad dari hadist ini tidak dimunculkan karena bakalan panjang banget bro. Tapi bagi yang ingin sanadnya, bisa menghubungi gw, nanti gw tulisin.
Kemudian mohon maaf gw baru bisa nulis yang bahasa inggrisnya aja, yg bahasa arabnya ga bisa soalnya gw blom bisa bahasa arab, jadi takut salah. Bahasa inggrisnya ini ditranslate oleh Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan (Islamic University, Madinah). Yang bahasa Indonesia gmn? Ntar dulu dech, blom sempet translate ke Indonesia. Kapan kapan kalo ada waktu (ga janji dech)..
Ok, lets start, this is serius and long journey, so prepare your time..
1. Allah messenger saw used to raise both his hand up to the level of his shoulder when opening the as-Salat (the prayer); and on saying the Takbir for bowing. And on raising his head from bowing he used to do the sameand then say Sami Allahu liman hamidah, Rabbana walakal hamd. And he did not do that (i.e. raising his hands) in prostrations
2. the people were ordered to place the right hand on the left forearm in As-Salat
3. The prophet saw, Abu Bakr and Umar ra. Used to start As-Salat with Al-hamdu lillahi Rabbil-‘alamin.
4. Allah messenger saw. Used to keep silent between the Takbir and the recitation of the Quran (surat Al-Fatiha) and that interval of silence used to be a short one. I said to the prophet saw. “may my parents be sacrificed for you! What do you say in the pause between Takbir and recitation? The Prophet saw. Said, “Allahumma ba’id baini wa baina khatayaya kama ba’adta bainal-mashriqi wal-maghrib. Allahumma naqqini minal-khataya, kama yunaqqa- aththawabul- abyadu minad-danas. Allahumma-agsil khatayaya bilma’i waththalji wal-barad.
5. ada orang shalat, kemudian oleh Rasulullah disuruh ulang. Trus shalat. Trus disuruh ulang lagi. Trus shalat. Trus disuruh ulang lagi. Akhirnya dia nyerah dan nanya, by Him Who sent you with the truth, I cannot offer salat in a better way than this. Please teach me how to pray. The prophet saw said, when you stand for salat say takbir and then recite from the Qur’an and then bow till you feel at ease. Then raise your head and stand up straight, then prostrate till you feel at ease during your prostration, then sit with calmness till you feel at ease (do not hurry) and do the same in all your salat.
6. The prophet saw said, say aamiin when the imam says it and if the aamiin of anyone of you coincides with that of the angels then all his past sins will be forgiven
7. narrated (Mus’ab bin Sa’ad) ra : I offered salat beside my father (Sa’ad bin Abi Waqas ra) and approximated both my hands and placed them in between the knees. My father told me not to do so and said, we used to do the same but we were forbidden (by the prophet saw) to do so and were ordered to place the hands on the knees.
8. The prophet saw used to say in his bowing and prostrations, subhanaka-Allahumma Rabbana wa-bihamdika Allahumm-aghfili.
9. The prophet saw said, we have been ordered to prostrate on seven bones i.e. on forehead (along with the tip of the nose and), pointed toward his nose, both hands, both knees and toes of both feet, and not to tuck up the clothes and the hair.
10. The prophet saw said, be straight in the prostration and none of you should put his forearms on the ground (during prostration) like a dog.
11. Abu Said Al-Khudri ra led us in the salat and then said the takbir aloud on arising from the prostration, and on prostrating, on rising again, and on getting up from the second raka’a. Abu Sa’id said, I saw the prophet saw doing the same.
12. One day we were offering salat behind the prophet saw. When he raised his head from bowing, he said Sami’Allahu liman hamidah. A man (behind) him said Rabbana walakalhamd, hamdan kathiran taiyiban mubarakan fihi. When the prophet completed the salat, he asked, who has said these words? The man replied, i. the prophet saw said, I saw over thirty angels ompeting to write it first.
13. Abu Humaid As-Sa’idi ra said, I remember the salat of Allah messenger saw better than anyone of you. I saw him raising both his hands up to the level of the shoulders on saying the takbir, and on bowing he placed his hand on both knees and bent his back straight, then he stood up straight from bowing till all the vertebrae took their normal position. In prostration, he placed both his hands on the ground with the forearms away from the ground and away from his body, and his toes were facing the qiblah. On sitting in the second raka’a he sat on his left foot and propped up the right one; and in the last raka’a he pushed his left foot forward and kept the other foot propped up and sat over his buttocks.
Whew, cape.. cukup dulu kayaknya.. gw belum nemu bacaan duduk antara 2 sujud ama tahiyat. Mungkin di hadist lain..
Semoga bermanfaat.
Berikut adalah tambahan dari buku ensiklopedi shalat penulis Dr. Sa’id bin ‘Ali bin Wahf al-Qahthani, penerbit Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi’i. Bukunya bagus banget. Lengkap banget dan yang pastinya lengkap dengan dalilnya. Buku yang patut dibaca agar kita tidak menjadi orang fasik (orang yang tidak mau menambah ilmunya karena takut/merasa beban kewajiban bertambah setelah mengetahui sesuatu). Namun tentunya gw ga sanggup nulis semuanya. Gw cuma hanya menambahkan yang kurang diatas. Kalo mau detailnya, beli aja bukunya ga nyesel kok.. atau pinjem juga boleh..
1. Bacaan duduk antara dua sujud : rabbigfirli rabbigfirli. (shahih, riwayat Abu Dawud)
2. boleh juga baca : rabbigfirli warhamni wajburni warzuqni warfa’ni. (shahih, riwayat Abu Dawud dan Ibnu Majah)
3. bacaan tahiyat di rakaat kedua : attahiyatulillahi wassholawaatu watdhoyyibaatu assalamu’alayka ayyuhannabiyyu warahmatullah wabarokaatuhu assalamu’alaynaa wa’ala ‘ibaadillahishshoolihiina asyhaduallaa ilaha illallah wahdahulaa syariikalahu wa asyhaduanna muhammadan ‘abduhu warosuuluhu. (Mutafaqun alaih, al-Bukhari)
4. boleh juga baca : attahiyaatul mubaarokaatush sholawaatut thoyyibaatulillah assalaamu’alayka ayyuhannabiyyu warahmatullahiwabarokaatuhu assalamu’alaynaa wa’ala ‘ibaadillahishshoolihiin asyhaduallaa ilaha illallah waasyhaduanna muhammadarrosuulullah. (HR. Muslim)
5. kemudian membaca : allahumma sholli’ala Muhammad wa’ala ali Muhammad kamaa shollayta’ala ibraahiim wa’ala ali ibraahiim innakahammiidummajiid allahumma baarik’ala Muhammad wa’ala ali Muhammad kamaa baarokta’ala ibraahiim wa’ala ali ibraahiim innakahamiidummadiid. (Al-Bukhari)
6. boleh juga membaca : allahumma sholli’ala Muhammad wa’ala ali Muhammad kamaa shollayta’ala ali ibraahiim wabaarik’ala Muhammad wa’ala ali Muhammad kamaa baarokta’ala ali ibraahiim fil’aa lamiina innakahamiidummadiid. (Muslim)
7. kemudian meminta pertolongan terhadap 4 hal : allahumma innii a’uu dzubika min ‘adza bil qobri waming fitnatil mahyaa walmamaati waming fitnatil masiihiddajjal. (Muttafaqun Alaih, AL Bukhari, Muslim)
8. kemudian mengucapkan salam ke kiri dan ke kanan seraya mengucapkan : assalaamu’alaykum warahmatullah assalamu’alaykum warahmatullah. (Muslim)
masih banyak lagi didalammnya.
Kemudian untuk penjelasan selanjutnya yaitu tentang rukun, wajib, dan sunnah shalat.
Rukun Shalat :
1. Berdiri jika mampu
2. membaca takbiratul ihram
3. membaca al-fatihah secara tertib disetiap rakaat
4. Ruku’
5. Bangkit dari Ruku’
6. Sujud diatas tujuh anggota badan
7. Bangkit dari sujud
8. duduk diantara dua sujud
9. tuma’ninah dalam mengerjakan semua rukun shalat
10. Tasyahud akhir
11. duduk untuk tasyahud akhir
12. shalawat atas nabi
13. tertib diantara rukun rukun shalat
14. salam
Wajib shalat :
1. Seluruh takbir selain takbiratul ihram
2. Bacaan : subhaana rabbiyal azhiim pada saat ruku’
3. Bacaan : Sami’allahu liman hamidah, baik bagi imam, maupun bagi orang yang shalat sendirian
4. Mengucapkan : rabbana wa lakal hamd, bagi imam, makmum, maupun orang yang shalat sendirian
5. Membaca : subhaana rabbial a’laa, pada saat sujud
6. Mengucapkan : rabbighfir lii, diantara dua sujud
7. tasyahud pertama
8. duduk untuk tasyahud pertama
Sunnah shalat :
Waw ada banyak banget, salah sedikitnya adalah :
1. membaca doa iftitah
2. mengucapkan aamiin
3. memperbanyak doa pada saat sujud
4. melihat ke jari telunjuk pada saat diisyaratkan ketika duduk
dll..
rukun adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat ditinggalkan, baik sengaja atau tidak sengaja. Wajib yaitu sesuatu yang dapat membatalkan shalat jika tidak dikerjakan dengan sengaja, tapi tidak membatalkan jika tidak sengaja/karena kelalaian, tapi harus dibayar dengan sujud syahwi. Sunnah shalat yaitu tidak membatalkan shalat jika tidak dilakukan.
Wallahu alam..
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